Subsections

4 Connection establishment

On maemo device, connection can be easily configured by using Maemo PC Connectivity applets. It is possible to configure the following interfaces:

Usb
Network - sets a Usb network over TCP/IP between maemo device and host PC
Mass storage - host PC can access maemo device as memory card
PC Suite - maemo device can be accessed by Nokia applications like Nokia PC Suite. Diablo does not support PC Suite mode
Host - allows you to connect USB devices (external hard drives, digital cameras, card readers, input devices, etc.) to your maemo device just like a regular PC. Due to a hardware limitation, Fremantle does not support Host mode
Bluetooth - sets a Bluetooth network over TCP/IP between maemo device and host PC
Wlan - sets a Wlan ad-hoc on maemo device that can be used by host PC

On host PC side (Linux, Windows and Mac OS), it is also provided some tools to make easier connection configuration. Next, it will be described how to establish connection between maemo device and host PC through Usb, Bluetooth and Wlan.

4.1 Usb

On Diablo, the Usb connection of a maemo device is configured to ``Mass storage'' by default. That is, when connected to a host PC, the maemo device will be visible as a memory card. On Fremantle, when maemo device is connected to host PC through Usb, it shows a pop-up where the Usb mode can be selected, ``Mass storage'' or ``PC Suite''. You should just click outside the pop-up to keep the mode previously set by Maemo PC Connectivity. With Maemo PC Connectivity, the Usb connection can be used in different ways beyond ``Mass storage'' and ``PC Suite'':

Network - sets a Usb network over TCP/IP between maemo device and host PC
Mass storage - host PC can access maemo device as memory card
PC Suite - maemo device can be accessed by Nokia applications like Nokia PC Suite. Diablo does not support PC Suite mode
Host - allows you to connect USB devices (external hard drives, digital cameras, card readers, input devices, etc.) to your maemo device just like a regular PC. Due to a hardware limitation, Fremantle does not support Host mode

The description how to setup a Usb connection to ``Mass storage'', ``PC Suite'' and ``Host'' modes will be skipped since the configuration is just select and apply the desired mode on maemo device by using Maemo PC Connectivity. Next, it will be explained how to configure a Usb network over TCP/IP between maemo device and host PC through Maemo PC Connectivity. Before that, you have to install maemo-pc-connectivity meta package on maemo device and host-pc-connectivity package on host PC (Linux, Windows and Mac OS).

4.1.1 Configuring Maemo

In order to setup a Usb network on maemo device, you should follow the steps bellow:

Disconnect the Usb cable
Run Settings - Control Panel - Connectivity - PC Connectivity Manager
Check ``USB'' option
Press ``Apply'' button
The Usb mode will be switched to Usb networking with the following values values by default:
- DHCP Server: enabled
- IP address: 192.168.2.15
- Gateway: 192.168.2.14
- Netmask: 255.255.255.0
Connect the Usb cable to host PC
If you want to change the default values, press ``Advanced'' button. PC Connectivity Manager will switch to advanced mode
Change network options like DHCP Server, IP address, Gateway and Netmask
Click on ``Apply'' button

Once you have configured your Usb network through PC Connectivity Manager applet, you can enable or disable it by using Connection Switcher applet from status bar.

If you want, you can follow the steps bellow to configure Usb network manually on maemo device (Diablo):

Run Utilities - X Terminal
Type sudo gainroot
Type insmod /mnt/initfs/lib/modules/2.6.21-omap1/g_ether.ko

Edit ``/etc/network/interfaces'' file to configure the IP address of usb0 interface:

 auto usb0
 iface usb0 inet static
        address 192.168.2.15
        netmask 255.255.255.0

Type ifup usb0
Plug the Usb cable

To disable Usb network manually on maemo device (Diablo), follow the steps:

Run Utilities - X Terminal
Type sudo gainroot
Type ifdown usb0
Type rmmod g_ether

4.1.2 Configuring Linux

If you install host-pc-connectivity package, your Linux host PC is ready to Usb network.

Otherwise, you can configure your Linux host PC manually following the steps bellow:

On Ubuntu, you need to edit ``/etc/udev/rules.d/85-ifupdown.rules'' file and replace the following line:
```
   SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", GOTO="net_start"
```
to this line:
```
   SUBSYSTEM=="net", GOTO="net_start"
```
If this workaround is not done, the usb0 interface will not get its IP address back when you unplug and plug back the maemo device to host PC. So, you should restart the network manually with the command ``/etc/init.d/networking restart'' to get usb0 IP address back. This is a known issue on Ubuntu (see related bug report here). On Debian, this workaround is not needed.

Add the following lines to network configuration file ``/etc/network/interfaces'':

   auto usb0
   allow-hotplug usb0

   mapping hotplug
   script grep
   map usb0

   iface usb0 inet dhcp
   up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.15 -j MASQUERADE
   up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
   down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.15 -j MASQUERADE
   down echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

With this configuration, you ensure that ifup usb0 command will setup the IP address correctly on host PC since it is using DHCP. Also, it allows maemo device to access Internet from host PC through usb0 interface.

Connect the Usb cable. If you are using VMware:
- Go to VMware - Devices - Netchip RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget and click on ``Connect (Disconnect from host)'' option. If VMware hangs, unplug the Usb cable and wait a little bit. You will get two ``device in use'' error messages, one from Native OS and other from VMware (likely because of automatic Usb Mass Storage mode).
- Connect the Usb cable. Repeat step 1.
Invoke ``sudo ifdown usb0'' and ``sudo ifup usb0'' commands. The down/up sequence ensures that host PC will attempt to reconnect usb0 interface.

If this results in a lot of ``Failed to bring up usb0'' errors, try again a few times. There can be a delay between host PC and maemo device become aware of each other. If it does not succeed with no error message, you can unplug and plug back the Usb cable. After, reconfigure Usb network on maemo device.
Test usb0 connection with the following command ``ping 192.168.2.15''
If you do not get ping working, try again a few times. This can be an annoying process, especially in VMware where Usb connection may be automatically configured to mass storage every time you plug the Usb cable on host PC. It may even require restarting VMware in some cases.

4.1.3 Configuring Windows

In order to get a Usb network between a Windows host PC and a Diablo maemo device, you should replace the original Diablo kernel by a new one that fixes some Usb issues. To replace the kernel, follow the next steps:

Download the file diablo_kernel_usbnet_windows.zip from here
Unzip the file diablo_kernel_usbnet_patch_windows.zip
Replace Diablo kernel by using flasher-3.5 application. It requires administrator privileges:
```
   flasher-3.5 -k diablo_kernel_usbnet_windows/zImage -f -R
```
Now, you can get a Usb network between Diablo maemo device and Windows host PC

On Fremantle, the kernel is already fixed.

If you install host-pc-connectivity package, your Windows host PC is ready to Usb network. That is, the Windows will detect and configure the maemo device automatically when you plug it. Remember to activate Usb network on maemo device before plug it on Windows host PC.

If you did not choose DHCP option on maemo device, you need to configure the Usb network address through the application available at Start - Programs - Pc-Connectivity - UsbNetworking.

If you do not install host-pc-connectivity package, you have to configure the Usb network manually on your Windows host PC. For that, you should follow the steps bellow:

Activate Usb network on maemo device
Plug the maemo device on Windows host PC
Windows will detect the device
In ``Found New Hardware Wizard'', proceed as following:
- Select ``No, not this time'' option. Click on ``Next'' button
- Select ``Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)'' option. Click on ``Next'' button
- Select ``Don't search, I will choose the driver to install'' option. Click on ``Next'' button
- Select ``Network adapters'' option. Click on ``next'' button (optional screen)
- Select ``Have disk'' option. Then, Click on ``Browser'' button, select the driver (``.inf'' file) and click on ``OK'' button. The driver is available inside the zip file used to fix Diablo kernel (diablo_kernel_usbnet_patch_windows.zip)
- Follow the next steps as a normal driver installation
The new Usb network interface will be available at Start - Network Connections
If you did not choose DHCP option on maemo device, you need to setup the network by using the following information:
IP address: 192.168.2.14
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
To check if the connection is working, go to command prompt and type ``ping 192.168.2.15''

4.1.4 Configuring Mac OS

You have to follow the next steps to get a Usb network on Mac OS:

Activate Usb network on maemo device
Plug the maemo device on Mac OS host PC
The following pop-up should appear. Click on ``Network Preferences'' button:
If you did not choose DHCP option on maemo device, you need to setup the Usb network address manually on ``Network'' panel. For example:
IP address: 192.168.2.14
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Click on ``Apply'' button. Now, you should be able to connect to your maemo device

4.2 Bluetooth

By using Maemo PC Connectivity, you can configure a Bluetooth network between maemo device and host PC, that is, you can setup connection attributes like IP address, network mask, etc. For that, you have to install maemo-pc-connectivity meta package on maemo device and host-pc-connectivity package on host PC (Linux, Windows and Mac OS).

4.2.1 Configuring Maemo

In order to setup a Bluetooth network on maemo device, you should follow the steps bellow:

Run Settings - Control Panel - Connectivity - PC Connectivity Manager
Click on ``Advanced'' button
Select a environment or create a new one
Select ``Bluetooth'' option as shown in following picture
Click on ``Search'' to find host PC
Once host PC was found, mark its name and then click ``Select''
The default settings are presented bellow, you can change them if you desire:
- DHCP Server: enabled
- IP address: 192.168.3.15
- Gateway: 192.168.3.14
- Netmask: 255.255.255.0
- Bluetooth address: empty (you should search the host PC to connect to)
Finally, click on ``Apply'' to enable the Bluetooth network

Once you have configured your Bluetooth network through PC Connectivity Manager applet, you can enable or disable it by using Connection Switcher applet from status bar.

4.2.2 Configuring Linux

If you install host-pc-connectivity package, your Linux host PC is ready to Bluetooth network.

Otherwise, you can configure your Linux host PC manually following the steps bellow:

Add these lines to /etc/network/interfaces:

   auto bnep0
   iface bnep0 inet dhcp
   up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.3.15 -j MASQUERADE
   up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
   down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s 192.168.3.15 -j MASQUERADE
   down echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Edit the file /etc/default/bluetooth and change these lines:

   BLUETOOTH_ENABLED=1
   ...
   PAND_ENABLED=1
   ...
   PAND_OPTIONS="--listen --role=NAP -e bnep0"

Restart the Bluetooth service:
```
   sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart
```
Now, your host PC is ready for Bluetooth network

4.2.3 Configuring Windows

Note: the description how to configure Bluetooth on Windows host PC was based on BlueSoleil application. BlueSoleil is one of the most popular Windows Bluetooth application. If you do not use BlueSoleil, the screenshots bellow may differ from what you see in your host PC, but they can help to understand what you need to change on your Bluetooth application.

You should follow the next steps to get Bluetooth network configured in your Windows host PC (BlueSoleil):

On ``System tray'', right click on Bluetooth icon
Select ``Bluetooth Configuration'' option
On ``Bluetooth Configuration'' dialog, select ``Accessibility'' tab
Check ``Let other Bluetooth devices discover this computer'' option
On ``Bluetooth Configuration'' dialog, select ``Local Services'' tab
Mark ``Network Access'' service and click ``Properties...'' button
If you want to share Internet over Bluetooth, select ``Allow other devices to access the Internet/LAN via this computer'' on ``Select the type of the service to offer remote devices'' option
Click on ``Configure Network Adapter'' button
Double click on ``Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)'' option
If you did not choose DHCP option on maemo device, type the following information:
IP address: 192.168.3.14
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
For all opened dialogs, press ``OK'' button

4.2.4 Configuring Mac OS

If you install host-pc-connectivity package, your Mac OS host PC is ready to Bluetooth network.

Otherwise, you can configure your Mac OS host PC manually following the steps bellow:

Go to ``System Preferences'' and click on ``Network'' icon
Add a new network interface
On ``Interface'' field, select ``Bluetooth PAN'' type
On ``Service Name'' field, put the interface name
If you did not choose DHCP option on maemo device, select ``Manually'' option on ``Configure'' field. After that, type the following information:
IP address: 192.168.3.14
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Press ``Apply'' button

4.3 Wlan ad-hoc

By using Maemo PC Connectivity, you can configure a Wlan ad-hoc network on your maemo device, that is, you can setup connection attributes like IP address, network mask, etc. For that, you have to install maemo-pc-connectivity meta package on your maemo device.

4.3.1 Configuring Maemo

To setup a Wlan ad-hoc on maemo device, proceed as follows:

On control panel, open PC Connectivity Manager applet
Select the Wlan check-box and press ``Apply'' button. A new Wlan ad-hoc connection will be created with the following configuration:
- DHCP Server: Enabled
- IP Address: 192.168.4.14
- Gateway: 192.168.4.15
- Netmask: 255.255.255.0
- Essid: devel_adhoc
- WEP: key empty
If you want to change these default values, press ``Advanced'' button, go to Wlan ad-hoc session and change the values. Then, press ``Apply'' button

Note: the WEP key should have 5, 10 or 13 characters (Example: aaaaa)

Once the Wlan network was configured, you can easily switch it on or off by using Connection Switcher applet from status bar.

4.3.2 Configuring Linux

The iwconfig command is the configuration utility in Linux for Wlan interfaces. It is used to set the parameters of the network interface which are specific to the wireless operation. The iwconfig command may also be used to display the parameters and the wireless statistics. It extracts these information from /proc/net/wireless file. By typing iwconfig command without any arguments, it will be displayed the current status of all wireless interfaces on the system. But for configuring your host PC to connect with your maemo device, you should execute the following steps as root user:

 ifconfig wlan0 up
 iwconfig wlan0 mode Ad-Hoc
 iwconfig wlan0 essid devel_adhoc
 iwconfig wlan0 key off

It is recommended you set the wireless key to avoid unexpected remote connections. In this case, you should replace the last command by:

Note: you should type the same WEP key used on maemo device in hexadecimal digits (Example: aaaaa is 6161616161 in hexadecimal)

 iwconfig wlan0 key 6161616161

4.3.3 Configuring Windows

To setup a Wlan ad-hoc network that allows others computers to connect to your Windows host PC, follow the next steps.

Connect your maemo device to devel_adhoc
On ``System Tray'', right click on wireless icon. Select ``View Available Wireless Networks'' option
The ``Wireless Network Connection'' window will display devel_adhoc network on the list. If you do not see devel_adhoc, click ``Refresh network list'' in the upper left corner
Select devel_adhoc, and then click on ``Connect'' button
If you choose an non empty ``WEP Key'' on maemo device, the Windows will request it at this point

4.3.4 Configuring Mac OS

To configure a Wlan ad-hoc network on your Mac host PC, follow the steps:

Connect your maemo device to devel_adhoc
At the Menu Bar, click on wireless icon and select the devel_adhoc network. If you choose a non empty ``WEP Key'' on maemo device, the Mac OS will request it at this point
The icon should change to inform that it is connected

Walter 2009-12-21